History of Valencia
In the 21st century, Valencia has established itself as a modern, dynamic city and one of the leading urban centers in the Mediterranean.
The City of Arts and Sciences, designed by Santiago Calatrava, symbolizes its international appeal and ambition to be a global hub for innovation.
This modern architectural marvel coexists with Valencia’s rich historical heritage, creating a harmonious balance between past and future.
From ancient Roman roots to cutting-edge innovation, Valencia remains a unique city in constant evolution. Let’s explore the history of Valencia and how it became what it is today.
Roman Beginnings: Valentia in 138 B.C.
Valencia’s history began in 138 B.C., when Roman consul Decimus Junius Brutus founded the city as a reward for veterans of the Lusitanian Wars.
Strategically located along the Turia River and the Via Augusta, Valentia started as a fortified settlement and quickly became an economic and social hub.
However, its early development was disrupted in 75 B.C. during the Sertorian Wars, which left the city in ruins, with only the Temple of Aesculapius, the Roman god of medicine, standing.
Recovery in the 2nd Century
After decades of neglect, Valentia was revitalized under Augustus in the 2nd century A.D.
This period saw the construction of key buildings, including the Roman circus, the forum, and the intersection of the cardo and decumanus, the city’s main streets.
Today, remnants of this era can be admired at the L’Almoina Archaeological Center, considered the city’s historical epicenter.
As Christianity emerged and the Visigoths took control, Valencia transitioned into a new era, leaving traces like the Crypt of San Vicente, reflecting the cultural influences of these periods.
Muslim Valencia: The Legacy of Balansiya
In the 8th century, the city became Balansiya under Muslim rule, flourishing as a prosperous and technologically advanced enclave.
The reign of Abd al-Aziz marked a turning point with the construction of the Arab Wall and the development of sophisticated irrigation systems, including the Tribunal de las Aguas, which still operates today.
Over more than 500 years, Valencia became a cultural, economic, and political hub. Despite conflicts, such as the brief conquest by El Cid, the Muslim legacy remains evident in the city’s architecture and urban design.
The Conquest of Jaume I and the Kingdom of Valencia
On October 9, 1238, Jaume I of Aragon captured Valencia, a pivotal moment that established the Kingdom of Valencia as part of the Crown of Aragon.
This event redefined Valencia’s political and religious structure, ushering in a period of growth and splendor.
The former mosque was consecrated as a Christian church, laying the foundation for today’s Cathedral of Valencia. Structures like the Serranos Towers and other fortifications were built to protect the city from external threats.
Valencia’s Golden Age
The 15th century marked a Golden Age for Valencia.
Thanks to its strategic location, the city became a major commercial hub. This prosperity is exemplified by the construction of the Silk Exchange (Lonja de la Seda), a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The era also saw the rise of institutions like the University of Valencia and notable figures like Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI, who brought Valencian prestige to Rome.
Valencia emerged as a cultural beacon in Europe, fostering artistic and literary advancements.
Conflict and Transformation in the 17th and 18th Centuries
In the following centuries, Valencia experienced social and political turmoil.
The Germanías Revolt, a guild uprising against the nobility, shook the city in the 16th century.
The War of Spanish Succession in the 18th century saw Valencia supporting Archduke Charles, leading to the loss of its fueros (privileges) after Philip V’s victory at the Battle of Almansa.
Despite these setbacks, the period also brought reforms that modernized the city.
Expansion and Change in the 19th Century
The 19th century was a transformative era for Valencia.
Under Queen Isabella II, the city expanded with the demolition of medieval walls in 1865, giving rise to the Ensanche district.
Valencia also played a significant role during the Napoleonic sieges of the Peninsular War, with remnants of the conflict still visible on the Quart Towers.
In 1812, Valencia contributed to Spain’s first constitution, establishing itself as a bastion of liberalism.
The Tumultuous 20th Century and Modernization
The 20th century brought both challenges and opportunities.
During the Spanish Civil War, Valencia served as the Republican capital from 1936 to 1937, a period of intense political and cultural activity.
In 1957, a catastrophic flood reshaped the city, leading to the creation of the Turia Gardens, a vast green space that now spans the city from west to east.
With the return of democracy in 1978, Valencia began a cultural and economic recovery, solidifying its position as a national and international hub.
Valencia in the 21st Century: Tradition Meets Innovation
In the 21st century, Valencia has reinvented itself while honoring its rich history.
The City of Arts and Sciences, designed by Santiago Calatrava, symbolizes the city’s forward-looking spirit.
Balancing Roman roots with global ambitions, Valencia remains a resilient, innovative, and culturally diverse city.
Exploring its streets reveals a living history reflected in its monuments, traditions, and the warm spirit of its people.
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What to See in Valencia | Trails in Valencia | What to Visit in Valencia
